Clinical & Surgical Review adheres to the following ethical principles:
• Originality — all submitted manuscripts must be original work not previously published.
• Plagiarism policy — any form of plagiarism will result in immediate rejection.
• Authorship criteria — all listed authors must have contributed substantially to the work.
• Conflicts of interest — must be fully disclosed by all authors.
• Patient confidentiality — all patient identifiers must be removed.
• Informed consent — required for case reports and studies involving individual patient data.
• Ethics committee approval — required for all research involving human subjects.
• Data integrity — fabrication or falsification of data is prohibited.
• Corrections and retractions — handled transparently following COPE guidelines.
• Responsible use of artificial intelligence — AI tools may assist with language editing but cannot be listed as authors and any substantive use must be disclosed.
